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輿論 Public Opinion
眾人的言論?！拜洝敝副娙?、民眾，“論”即議論、看法或意見。歷來開明的執(zhí)政者在決策形成之前都注重廣泛采集眾人包括普通民眾的意見，并希望決策符合下情，以最大限度地保障決策的合理性和可行性。至近代，“輿論”與public opinion對譯，成為有政治學、倫理學、社會心理學等多學科基礎的概念，一般指代表社會大眾或與國民意見一致的言論。古代“輿論”一詞屬于民本范疇，現(xiàn)代“輿論”一詞屬于民主范疇，兩者本質(zhì)相異，又可轉(zhuǎn)換相通。
This term means widely holding ideas and attitudes among the general public. The term is made up of two Chinese characters, with the first yu referring to the general public and the second lun to commentaries, perspectives, or opinions. All wise rulers in history paid attention to consulting the general public for their opinions before making policy decisions, hoping that the resultant policy would meet the needs of the people and be rational and feasible. In modern times, the term is used as the Chinese equivalent of "public opinion" and generally refers to the views of people in the society or prevailing points of view reflective of what most people think. Therefore, it has become a basic concept for many disciplines, such as politics, ethics, and social psychology. In ancient times, the term reflected the governing principle of "for the people." In modern times, however, it reflects the governing principle of "by the people." These two are different in nature, but are interchangeable and interrelated.
引例 Citations：
◎帝雅好儒士，留心貢舉。有時微行人間，采聽輿論，以觀選士之得失。（《舊唐書·宣宗紀》）
唐宣宗素來賞識儒士，留意科舉的情況。他有時微服到民間訪察，聽取民眾的議論，以便了解人才選拔是否得當。
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang valued Confucian scholars very much and paid close attention to the selection of officials through imperial examinations. He would sometimes travel around in plain clothes to hear what people say so he could know whether the selections were well made. (The Old Tang History)
◎爰詢廷臣，博采輿論，僉謂拯弊必合更張。（《元史·食貨志五·鈔法》）
（我）于是與朝中大臣商議，廣泛聽取眾人的意見，他們都認為拯救弊端，必當改革。
I have therefore discussed with the ministers to hear broadly their opinions. They all believe that reforms are necessary in order to redress the ills and wrongs. (The History of the Yuan Dynasty)
◎雖廟堂處分，未必盡協(xié)輿論；而縉紳公議，頗足維持世風。（《明史·馬經(jīng)綸傳》）
即便是朝廷的決定，也不一定都與大眾的意見一致；而士大夫的共同看法，則足以維持社會風氣。
Even decisions by the imperial court may not be always in agreement with the public opinion. However, the general consensus by higher officials is enough to keep the social atmosphere healthy. (The History of the Ming Dynasty)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：劉懌莎
