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Childlike Heart
指人的自然本性，即尚未受到后天教化熏染的純真坦白的赤子之心。“童心”是晚明思想家李贄（1527—1602）針對理學家虛偽矯情的文風以及復(fù)古派崇尚模擬的流弊而提出的文藝創(chuàng)作觀念，這一術(shù)語主要用于古代文藝創(chuàng)作理論。李贄的“童心說”強調(diào)一切好文章均是童心的產(chǎn)物，只有以童心作文，以自然本心為文，才能沖破儒家“發(fā)乎情，止乎禮義”的桎梏，創(chuàng)作出天下第一等的好文章。“童心說”既與晚明的個性解放思潮相通，也明顯受到王陽明心學的影響，表現(xiàn)在文藝創(chuàng)作上即是追求自然真實之美，反映了人們擺脫禮教束縛、追求自由解放的精神，對晚明時期的文藝創(chuàng)作具有指導意義。
This term refers to a person's innate nature, that is, the pure and true mind of a child not influenced by subsequent enculturation. "Childlike heart" is a concept of literary creation advanced by the late Ming thinker Li Zhi (1527-1602) to counter what he considered the conceited writing style of the Neo-Confucian School of Principle and the dogmatic imitation of the ancients by the Classicist School of Literary Creation. Li Zhi's "childlike heart" claims that all good writing comes from an untarnished heart. Only by writing with a childlike heart, natural and innate, can one break away from the shackles imposed by the Confucian principle that "emotions coming from the heart should be constrained by rites," thus creating first-rate work by any standard. The proposition of "childlike heart" relates both to thoughts on individual emancipation in the late Ming Dynasty, and the influence of Wang Yangming's philosophy of the mind. In literary creation, this“childlike heart” is expressed as a love for natural and pure beauty, reflecting people's desire to shatter the restraints imposed by rites, as well as their will to pursue freedom and liberty. As such, it helped shape literary creation in the late Ming Dynasty.
引例 Citations：
◎夫童心者，絕假純真，最初一念之本心也。若失卻童心，便失卻真心；失卻真心，便失卻真人。（李贄《童心說》）
所謂童心，就是人生來就有的絕無虛假、純?nèi)徽嬲\的本心。如果失去了童心，就會失去真心；失去真心，就會失去成為真正的人的資格。
The so-called childlike heart is the innate heart at birth that is sincere and free from any hypocrisy. If a person loses his childlike heart, he loses his true heart. If he loses his true heart, he loses the qualification to become a true human. (Li Zhi: On Childlike Heart)
◎童心既障，于是發(fā)而為言語，則言語不由衷；見而為政事，則政事無根柢；著而為文辭，則文辭不能達。非內(nèi)含于章美也，非篤實生輝光也，欲求一句有德之言，卒不可得。所以者何？以童心既障，而以從外入者聞見道理為之心也。（李贄《童心說》）
童心既然受到遮蔽，表現(xiàn)在語言上，說話就言不由衷；表現(xiàn)在政事活動上，做事就沒有根基；表現(xiàn)在文學創(chuàng)作上，文辭就不能暢達。一個人如果不具有內(nèi)在的美質(zhì)，缺乏出于深厚德行的人性光輝，那么指望他說出一句合于道德的話，也是不可能的。這是為什么呢？因為他的童心已經(jīng)被遮蔽了，后天得到的聞見道理入主了他的心靈。
When the childlike heart is overshadowed, one will not speak honestly when one talks, will not act soundly when one handles political affairs, and will not express well when one engages in literary creation. If a person does not have inner beauty, and lacks a noble personality which is deep-rooted in virtues, then it is impossible to expect him to say even one sentence that is morally appropriate. Why is it so? It is because his childlike heart has been overshadowed by what he sees and hears after birth, which has taken hold of his heart and soul. (Li Zhi: On Childlike Heart)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
