認識自己，了解自己的長處和短處。這是正確認識他人及一切事物的基礎(chǔ)，也是不斷超越自我、提升自我的前提。它往往是有智慧的人與杰出者的基本素質(zhì)。它強調(diào)的是人的自我意識的覺醒、主體精神的樹立，與古希臘“認識你自己”的理念相通。

The term means to have knowledge and understanding of one's strengths and weaknesses. This is the basis for knowing others and all other things. Further self-improvement and progress stem from this. Exceptional and wise people often demonstrate this quality. The focus is on developing a conscious sense of self, which echoes the ancient Greek axiom "know thyself."

引例 Citations：

◎知人者智，自知者明。（《老子·三十三章》）

善于了解別人，算得上有智慧；善于了解自己，才算得上圣明。

Knowing others is wisdom; knowing oneself is insight. (Laozi)

◎自知者不怨人，知命者不怨天。怨人者窮，怨天者無志。失之己，反之人，豈不迂乎哉?。ā盾髯印s辱》）

有自知之明的人不會埋怨別人，懂得天命的人不會埋怨老天。只會埋怨別人的人會招致窘困，只會埋怨老天的人會失去志向。錯在自己，卻責(zé)怪別人，難道不覺得荒唐嗎？

Those who have knowledge of themselves do not blame others; those who understand the will of heaven do not blame it. Blaming others creates difficulties for oneself; blaming heaven saps one's aspirations. Is it not ridiculous to blame others for one's own mistakes? (Xunzi)

◎故欲勝人者，必先自勝；欲論人者，必先自論；欲知人者，必先自知。（《呂氏春秋·先己》）

所以，如果想要戰(zhàn)勝他人，必須先要戰(zhàn)勝自己；如果想要評論他人，必須先要評論自己；如果想要了解他人，必須先要了解自己。

Therefore, to conquer others, first conquer yourself; to comment on others, first comment on yourself; and to know others, first know yourself. (Master Lyu's Spring and Autumn Annals)

推薦：教育部 國家語委

供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社

責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安