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Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
謹慎周密地思考，清晰明確地分辨。古人認為，人的成長包括五個階段：博學（廣博地學習），即收集信息，吸取知識；審問（詳盡地追問），即提出問題，解除疑惑；慎思（謹慎周密地思考），即消化整理，融會貫通；明辨（清晰明確地分辨），即形成概念，擇定結(jié)果；篤行（切實地實行），即將認知付諸實踐，形成品格。這五個階段大致可分為學習、思考、實踐三個方面?！吧魉济鞅妗本褪撬伎?，是由學習到實踐的中間階段。也就是說，學習與思考、學習與實踐是相輔相成的；而思考則是學習的深入和提升，是實踐的前導，是從學習到實踐轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)鍵所在。
It was thought in ancient China that a person matured through five stages: broad study for collecting information and acquiring knowledge, close examination for identifying problems and resolving doubts, careful reflection for absorbing and mastering knowledge, clear discrimination for developing concepts and reaching conclusions, and earnest practice for putting knowledge into practice and developing character. These stages can be roughly divided into three areas: learning, reflection, and practice. "Careful reflection and clear discrimination" describes the stage of reflection between learning and practice. It can also be said that study and reflection on the one hand and study and practice on the other complement each other, while reflection is a deepening and heightening of learning, a prerequisite for practice, and a key link between learning and practice.
引例 Citation：
◎博學之，審問之，慎思之，明辨之，篤行之。（《禮記·中庸》）
廣泛地學習，詳盡地追問，謹慎周密地思考，清晰明確地判別，切實地實行。
Learn broadly, examine closely, reflect carefully, discriminate clearly, and practice earnestly. (The Book of Rites)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
